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Type 1 diabetes autoantibodies are immune proteins that target insulin-producing cells in the pancreas and can indicate an autoimmune response associated with type 1 diabetes.

This blood test may help distinguish type 1 diabetes or LADA from type 2 diabetes, assess unexplained high blood glucose or identify autoimmune activity in people at increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes.

Coeliac autoantibodies are immune proteins produced in response to gluten that can indicate an autoimmune reaction affecting the lining of the small intestine.

A coeliac autoantibody blood test may help investigate persistent digestive symptoms, unexplained iron deficiency, fatigue, weight loss or a family history of coeliac disease.

Lp-PLA2 is an enzyme linked to inflammation within artery walls and may provide insight into the stability of fatty plaques in the blood vessels.

An Lp-PLA2 blood test may help assess cardiovascular risk, particularly in people with other risk factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes or a family history of heart disease.

Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps regulate blood pressure by controlling sodium, potassium and fluid balance.

An aldosterone blood test may help investigate high or low blood pressure, abnormal potassium levels or suspected adrenal gland conditions, often alongside a renin test.

Renin is an enzyme released by the kidneys that helps regulate blood pressure and the body’s balance of sodium and fluids.

A renin blood test may help investigate high or low blood pressure, abnormal potassium levels or suspected conditions affecting the adrenal glands, kidneys or fluid balance.

Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) is a protein that carries thyroid hormones through the bloodstream and influences how much total thyroid hormone is measured.

A TBG blood test may help explain unusual total thyroid hormone results, particularly when they do not match TSH or free thyroid hormone levels.

An oestriol blood test may be used to assess hormone production during pregnancy or investigate specific concerns relating to placental function and foetal development.

Plasma catecholamines measure hormones such as adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, which help regulate the body’s stress response, heart rate and blood pressure.

A plasma catecholamine blood test may help investigate unexplained episodes of high blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, sweating, headaches, tremors or suspected adrenal gland disorders.

Androstenedione is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands and reproductive organs that acts as a building block for testosterone and oestrogen.

An androstenedione blood test may help investigate irregular periods, acne, excess facial or body hair, fertility concerns, or suspected adrenal and ovarian hormone disorders.

17-hydroxyprogesterone is a steroid hormone produced mainly by the adrenal glands and is used to help make cortisol and other hormones.

A 17-hydroxyprogesterone blood test may help investigate adrenal hormone disorders, irregular periods, excess facial or body hair, acne, fertility concerns or suspected congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that supports normal blood clotting and helps maintain healthy bones.

A vitamin K blood test may help assess possible deficiency in people with unexplained bruising or bleeding, poor fat absorption, liver or digestive conditions.

Vitamin C is an essential antioxidant that supports immune function, collagen production, wound healing and iron absorption.

A vitamin C blood test may help identify low levels in people with restricted diets, poor nutrient absorption, slow wound healing, easy bruising or symptoms of deficiency.

Manganese is an essential trace mineral that supports energy production, antioxidant defence, bone health and the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.

A manganese blood test may help assess suspected deficiency or excess, particularly where there are neurological symptoms or long-term nutritional concerns.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally produced antioxidant that helps your cells generate energy and protects them from oxidative damage.

A CoQ10 blood test can help assess your levels if you experience persistent fatigue, muscle weakness or poor exercise tolerance, or if you take statin medication, which may reduce CoQ10 levels.

Chromium is a trace mineral your body uses in tiny amounts.

It helps the hormone insulin move sugar from your blood into your cells for energy.

Beta-carotene is a plant pigment that your body turns into retinol (active Vitamin A).

A beta-carotene blood test measures the level of this pigment in your blood.

Selenium is vital for protecting cells from oxidative damage, regulating thyroid function, supporting a healthy immune system, and maintaining reproductive health.

A selenium blood test measures the amount of the essential trace mineral selenium in your body.

Vitamin A, also known as Retinol, is essential for healthy vision, immune function, and cell growth.

A Vitamin A test measures the amount of retinol in your blood to diagnose deficiency or toxicity.

Vitamin B6, also known as Pyridoxine, is essential for converting food into energy, producing neurotransmitters, haemoglobin, and supporting homocysteine, nerve and immune system health.

A Vitamin B6 test is used to test for excess or deficiency.

Vitamin B5, also known as pantothenic acid, is essential for converting food into energy, making cholesterol, and produce steroid hormones and red blood cells.

A Vitamin B5 test detects rare defiency potentially causing fatigue, numbness, and tingling.

Vitamin B3, also known as Niacin, is essential to convert food into energy, repair DNA, and maintain healthy skin, nerves, and digestion.

A Vitamin B3 test detects deficiency impacting energy, skin and nerves.

Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, is essential for converting carbohydrates into energy and supporting nervous system function.

A Vitamin B1 test detects deficiency impacting energy, brain, and nerves.

Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is essential for energy production, cellular health and nerve function.

A Vitamin B2 blood test measures the amount of riboflavin in your plasma to check for deficiency, which causes mouth sores, sore throat, or skin rashes.

Vitamin B7, also known as biotin, is essential for maintaining healthy hair, skin, nails, and supporting energy metabolism.

A Vitamin B7 test can help clarify whether low levels are causing hair loss or poor skin condition.

Red cell Zinc measures the concentration of zinc within red blood cells.

The test can provide an average zinc levels over the last two to three months due to the lifecycle of a red blood cell.

Red cell selenium measures the concentration of selenium within red blood cells.

The test can provide an average selenium levels over the last two to three months due to the lifecycle of a red blood cell.

Red cell potassium measures the concentration of potassium within red blood cells.

As most of the body’s potassium is stored within the cell, it can provide a more accurate long-term reading.

Red cell magneisum measures the concentration of magneisum within red blood cells.

As most of the body’s magneisum is stored within the cell, it can provide a more accurate long-term reading.

Red cell glutathione test measures the levels of the antioxidant glutathione inside your red blood cells.

A test shows how well your body can fight oxidative stress (cell damage) and toxins.

Red cell copper measures the concentration of copper within red blood cells.

The test can provide an average copper levels over the last two to three months due to the lifecycle of a red blood cell.

Red cell calcium measures the concentration of calcium within red blood cells.

The amount inside your blood cells can highlight how your body stores calcium over time.

A smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) blood test detects antibodies that target smooth muscle cells, which can help diagnose autoimmune hepatitis.

Free testosterone is the portion of testosterone in the blood that is not bound to proteins such as sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) or albumin. It represents the biologically active form of testosterone that can enter cells and exert effects on tissues.

A zinc blood test measures the amount of zinc in your blood. Zinc is an essential mineral that plays a vital role in many bodily functions, including immune system support, wound healing, and cell growth. 

A Zika Antibodies IgG & IgM blood test detects the presence of specific antibodies in your blood to determine if you have been infected with the Zika virus, either recently or in the past.

A 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) blood test, also known as a vitamin D test, measures the level of vitamin D in your blood. This test is the most accurate way to determine your overall vitamin D status.